American Flag

* POPULARY CALLED THE AMERICAN FLAG, IT IS THE OFFICIAL NATIONAL FLAG OF THE UNITED STATES.
* THE FLAG CONTAINS 13 HORIZONTAL STRIPES, 7 RED ALTERNATING WITH 6 WHITE.
* EACH STRIPE SYMBOLIZES ONE OF THE 13 COLONIES THAT REBELLED AGAINST THE BRITISH CROWN AND BECAME THE FIRST STATES IN THE UNION.
*IN THE UPPER CORNER IS A RECTANGULAR BLUE FIELD CALLED A CANTON, WHICH CONTAINS 50 FIVE-POINTED WHITE STARS ARRANGED IN NINE OFFSET HORIZONTAL ROWS OF 6 STARS (TOP AND BOTTOM) ALTERNATING WITH ROWS OF 5 STARS.
* EACH STAR REPRESENTS ONE OF THE 50 STATED OF THE UNION.
* BECAUSE OF ITS SYMBOLISM, THE STARRED BLUE CANTON IS CALLED THE “UNION”. THIS PART OF THE FLAG CAN STAND ALONE AS A MARITIME FLAG CALLED THE UNION JACK.
* ON JULY 4, 1776, THE UNITED STATES “SEAL” WAS CREATED.
* NICKNAMES INCLUDE OLD GLORY, STAR-SPANGLED BANNER, STARS AND STRIPES
* COLORS RED, WHITE & BLUE DID NOT HAVE MEANINGS FOR THE STARS & STRIPES IN 1777.
* RED SIGNIFES HARDNESS AND VALOR.
* WHITE SIGNIFIES PURITY AND INNOCENCE. BLUE SIGNIFIES VIGILANCE, PERSEVERANCE AND JUSTICE.

Spanish Flag

* NAME OF THE FLAG IS ROJIGUALDA.
* ORIGINALLY ADOPTED ON MAY 28, 1785.
* LATER, THE DESIGN CHANGED BY ADDING A CREST ON OCTOBER 5, 1981.
* THE FLAG CONSISTS OF A RED AND YELLOW TRI-BAND (RED ON OUTSIDE, YELLOW IN MIDDLE TWICE THE SIZE OF THE RED BANDS).
* TRADITIONALLY, THE MIDDLE STRIPE WAS DEFINED BY THE MORE ARCHAIC TERM OF GUALDA, AND HENCE THE POPULAR NAME ROJIGUALDA (RED-WELD).
* OFICIALLY ADOPTED ON DECEMBER 19, 1981.
* THE SYMBOL INSIDE THE FLAG REPRESENTS THE SPANISH COAT OF ARMS.
* THE COAT OF ARMS CONSISTS OF A QUARTED SHIELD. (EACH OF THE QUADRANTS REPRESENTS ONE OF THE FOUR KINGDOMS THAT WERE MERGED TO FORM A UNIFIED SPAIN AT THE END OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
* THE FOUR KINGDOMS ARE NAMED: CASTILE (GOLD CASTLE ON RED), LEON (PURPLE LION ON SILVER), ARAGON (FOUR RED BARS ON GOLD), AND NAVARRE (LINKED GOLD CHAINS ON RED).
* THE KINGDOM OF GRANADA IS REPRESENTED BY THE POMEGRANATE FRUIT IN THE BOTTOM OF THE COAT OF ARMS.
* IN THE CENTER OF THE SHIELD IS AN INESCUTCHEON WITH THE EMBLEM OF THE REIGNING SPANISH ROYAL FAMILY, HOUSE OF BURBON (A BLUE OVAL WITH A RED-EDGED BORDER WITH 3 GOLDEN FLEUR DE LYS.
* THE COAT IS CROWNED WITH THE SPANISH ROYAL CROWN AND GUARDED ON EACH SIDE BY 2 COLUMNS CROWNED AND CHARGED WITH A RED RIBBON WITH THE MOTTO “PLUS ULTRA” WHICH SIGNIFIES “FURTHER BEYOND” IN GOLD LETTERS (ADVERTS TO COLUMBUS' DISCOVERY OF THE NEW WORLD).
* THE “PLUS ULTRA” MOTTO REPLACED THE FORMER “NON PLUS ULTRA” (MEANING “NO FURTHER FROM HERE”).
* THE COLUMS ON THE SPANISH COAT OF ARMS ARE THE MYTHOLOGICAL PILLARS OF HERCULES (ON THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR, GATEWAY TO THE ATLANTIC OCEAN).